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By and large means “in general” or "on the whole" in most contexts, but in sailors’ lingo of yore, whence the phrase arose, by and large described a vessel alternately sailing as directly into the wind as possible (typically within about 45 degrees of the wind)—that is, by—and away from the direction from which the wind is blowing, with the wind hitting the vessel’s widest point—that is, large. (Note that this by also appears in the term full and by: "sailing as directly into the wind as possible and with all sails full.") William Bourne’s 1578 book Inventions or Devises offers insight into the phrase’s original use: “… to make a ship to draw or go but little into the water, and to hold a good wind, and to sail well both by and large, were very necessary …” As has happened with much nautical jargon, the phrase eventually came ashore. By and large, landlubbers welcomed it, first in the sense "in many directions" or "in all ways," and ultimately with its present meaning of "in general."
Examples of by and large in a Sentence
Charles Trepany, USA Today, 5 Sep. 2025
Amid an influx of trends, like the red pill movement, data shows that men are by and large putting off commitment for longer.
—Melissa Fleur Afshar, MSNBC Newsweek, 29 Aug. 2025
Charter schools are by and large businesses, and move into areas where there’s market demand for them, and not all areas have a sustainable market for charters.
—Peter Greene, Forbes.com, 27 Aug. 2025
This non-departmental public body, answerable to the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee, has by and large come through the last 15 years with its reputation intact.
—Ian King, CNBC, 27 Aug. 2025
See All Example Sentences for by and large
Cite this Entry
“By and large.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/by%20and%20large. Accessed 13 Sep. 2025.
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